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the neighborhood of

  • 1 Circa

    1.
    circā, a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    ( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood:

    gramen erat circa,

    Ov. M. 3, 411:

    ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

    Verg. A. 12, 757:

    at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus,

    Tib. 1, 3, 87:

    circaque quā tumor est,

    Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2:

    circa Padus amnis,

    id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

    Curt. 4, 12, 20:

    alibi quam Romao circaque,

    Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—
    B.
    Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood:

    ex montibus qui circa sunt,

    Liv. 1, 4, 6:

    Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent,

    id. 1, 41, 1:

    sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant,

    Nep. Eum. 10, 4:

    eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat,

    Liv. 34, 29, 6:

    Corinthus et quae circa est regio,

    Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.:

    multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis,

    the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2;

    42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant),

    id. 21, 7, 5:

    corpora multa virūm circa,

    Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—
    C.
    Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8;

    nam et circa omnia defecerunt,

    id. 9, 23, 10:

    cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent,

    id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.:

    exhausto circa omni agro,

    id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—
    II.
    Prep. with acc.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    ( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of:

    quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat,

    Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

    circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1:

    circa equum Alexandri,

    Curt. 4, 15, 26:

    illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34:

    quem circa tigres jacent,

    Ov. M. 3, 668.—
    2.
    ( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy):

    Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

    Liv. 1, 9, 2:

    legatis circa duodecim populos missis,

    id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11:

    circa domos ire,

    id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2;

    29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati,

    id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28:

    litteris circa praefectos dimissis,

    Liv. 42, 51, 1:

    custodes circa omnes portas missi,

    id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—
    3.
    ( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by:

    Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22:

    circa Liternum posuit castra,

    in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6:

    tabernae erant circa forum,

    Quint. 6, 3, 38:

    circa Armeniae montes,

    Curt. 5, 1, 13:

    Acesinen amnem,

    Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

    domum auream,

    Suet. Ner. 38:

    sacrificantem,

    id. Claud. 36.—
    b.
    As a less definite designation of place for in:

    Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

    Vell. 1, 2, 5:

    circa Mesopotamiam subsistere,

    Curt. 4, 9, 1:

    quod circa Syriam nascitur,

    Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46;

    Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri,

    id. 1, 5, 44; cf.

    finem,

    id. 4, 3, 5:

    virentes campos,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 5:

    cum amor saeviet circa jecur,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8:

    dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra,

    Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers, v. infra, C.:

    quadriduum circa rupem consumptum,

    Liv. 21, 37, 3:

    compositis circa Opuntem rebus,

    id. 28, 7, 9:

    iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit,

    id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim,

    id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    4.
    ( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about:

    multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

    ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat,

    Liv. 29, 1, 2:

    omnes,

    Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43:

    circa regem erat et Phrygum turba,

    Curt. 3, 1, 17:

    e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant,

    id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, [p. 334] Mart. 1, 91, 3:

    quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti,

    Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court:

    circa latus alicujus agere,

    to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = hoi peri tina, the attendants, companions of a person:

    omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis,

    Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—
    B.
    (Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf.

    circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit,

    Liv. 42, 57, 10:

    circa eum mensem,

    Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69:

    lucis ortum,

    Curt. 5, 3, 7:

    lucem,

    Suet. Oth. 11:

    mediam noctem,

    id. Claud. 2:

    vernum aequinoctium,

    Col. 5, 6, 19:

    Kalendas et Idus Octobr.,

    id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers:

    septimum diem,

    Cels. 2, 6:

    undecimam horam,

    Suet. Caes. 88:

    lustra decem,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time:

    tempora illa,

    Quint. 11, 3, 143:

    tempora Peloponnesia,

    id. 12, 10, 4:

    Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus,

    Vell. 2, 93, 1:

    Magni Pompeii aetatem,

    Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156:

    mortem,

    id. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

    initia imperii,

    Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante):

    circa Demetrium Phalerea,

    about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.:

    Tisiam et Coraca,

    id. 2, 17, 7:

    Philippum,

    id. 12, 10, 6:

    Ciceronem,

    Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

    Attium,

    Vell. 1, 17, 1.—
    2.
    In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter):

    ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta,

    Liv. 45, 34, 6:

    quingentos Romanorum,

    id. 27, 42, 8:

    decem milia Persarum,

    Curt. 4, 6, 30:

    sestertium vicies,

    Suet. Claud. 6:

    quartum milliarium,

    id. Ner. 48:

    selibram,

    Cels. 4, 19:

    singulas heminas,

    id. 7, 15.—
    C.
    (Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.
    1.
    Upon substantives:

    circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio,

    Quint. 10, 5, 5:

    circa S litteram deliciae,

    id. 1, 11, 6:

    verba dissensio,

    id. 3, 11, 5:

    memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio,

    id. 11, 2, 22:

    hoc opiniones,

    id. 2, 15, 1;

    Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est,

    Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15:

    voces inani studio,

    id. 8, prooem §

    18 et saep: rura sermo,

    Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5:

    classicum brevis et expeditus labor,

    Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13:

    hospitia nullum fastidium,

    id. Pan. 20, 3:

    publica circa bonas artes socordia,

    Tac. A. 11, 15:

    principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe,

    Suet. Claud. 14.—
    2.
    Upon adjectives:

    non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 12:

    jus nostrum attentior,

    id. 4, 5, 21:

    studia mentis erectae,

    id. 1, 3, 10:

    lites raras ridiculi,

    id. 7, 1, 43:

    praecepta utiles sententiae,

    id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.:

    corporis curam morosior,

    Suet. Caes. 45:

    victum indifferens,

    id. ib. 53:

    deos ac religiones neglegentior,

    id. Tib. 69:

    administrationem imperii vacuus,

    id. Dom. 3 al.:

    summa scelera distentum,

    Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.:

    adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi,

    id. G. 28:

    excessus otiosus,

    id. Or. 22:

    se animati,

    Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —
    3.
    Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

    hoc disputatum est,

    id. 1, 5, 34:

    priores erratur,

    id. 2, 5, 26:

    formas litterarum haerere,

    id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35:

    consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur,

    Tac. H. 1, 13:

    Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas,

    id. Or. 3:

    successorem omnia ordinari,

    Suet. Claud. 45:

    ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit,

    id. ib. 22.
    ► Circa very rarely follows its case:

    quem circa,

    Cic.
    Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id..3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.
    2.
    Circa, ae, v. Circe.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Circa

  • 2 circa

    1.
    circā, a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    ( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood:

    gramen erat circa,

    Ov. M. 3, 411:

    ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa,

    Verg. A. 12, 757:

    at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus,

    Tib. 1, 3, 87:

    circaque quā tumor est,

    Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2:

    circa Padus amnis,

    id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

    Curt. 4, 12, 20:

    alibi quam Romao circaque,

    Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—
    B.
    Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood:

    ex montibus qui circa sunt,

    Liv. 1, 4, 6:

    Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent,

    id. 1, 41, 1:

    sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant,

    Nep. Eum. 10, 4:

    eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat,

    Liv. 34, 29, 6:

    Corinthus et quae circa est regio,

    Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.:

    multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis,

    the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2;

    42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant),

    id. 21, 7, 5:

    corpora multa virūm circa,

    Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—
    C.
    Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8;

    nam et circa omnia defecerunt,

    id. 9, 23, 10:

    cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent,

    id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.:

    exhausto circa omni agro,

    id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—
    II.
    Prep. with acc.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    ( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of:

    quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat,

    Nep. Alcib. 10, 4:

    circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1:

    circa equum Alexandri,

    Curt. 4, 15, 26:

    illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34:

    quem circa tigres jacent,

    Ov. M. 3, 668.—
    2.
    ( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy):

    Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

    Liv. 1, 9, 2:

    legatis circa duodecim populos missis,

    id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11:

    circa domos ire,

    id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2;

    29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati,

    id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28:

    litteris circa praefectos dimissis,

    Liv. 42, 51, 1:

    custodes circa omnes portas missi,

    id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—
    3.
    ( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by:

    Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22:

    circa Liternum posuit castra,

    in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6:

    tabernae erant circa forum,

    Quint. 6, 3, 38:

    circa Armeniae montes,

    Curt. 5, 1, 13:

    Acesinen amnem,

    Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

    domum auream,

    Suet. Ner. 38:

    sacrificantem,

    id. Claud. 36.—
    b.
    As a less definite designation of place for in:

    Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam,

    Vell. 1, 2, 5:

    circa Mesopotamiam subsistere,

    Curt. 4, 9, 1:

    quod circa Syriam nascitur,

    Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46;

    Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri,

    id. 1, 5, 44; cf.

    finem,

    id. 4, 3, 5:

    virentes campos,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 5:

    cum amor saeviet circa jecur,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8:

    dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra,

    Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers, v. infra, C.:

    quadriduum circa rupem consumptum,

    Liv. 21, 37, 3:

    compositis circa Opuntem rebus,

    id. 28, 7, 9:

    iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit,

    id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim,

    id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—
    4.
    ( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about:

    multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

    ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat,

    Liv. 29, 1, 2:

    omnes,

    Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43:

    circa regem erat et Phrygum turba,

    Curt. 3, 1, 17:

    e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant,

    id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, [p. 334] Mart. 1, 91, 3:

    quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti,

    Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court:

    circa latus alicujus agere,

    to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = hoi peri tina, the attendants, companions of a person:

    omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis,

    Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—
    B.
    (Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf.

    circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit,

    Liv. 42, 57, 10:

    circa eum mensem,

    Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69:

    lucis ortum,

    Curt. 5, 3, 7:

    lucem,

    Suet. Oth. 11:

    mediam noctem,

    id. Claud. 2:

    vernum aequinoctium,

    Col. 5, 6, 19:

    Kalendas et Idus Octobr.,

    id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers:

    septimum diem,

    Cels. 2, 6:

    undecimam horam,

    Suet. Caes. 88:

    lustra decem,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time:

    tempora illa,

    Quint. 11, 3, 143:

    tempora Peloponnesia,

    id. 12, 10, 4:

    Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus,

    Vell. 2, 93, 1:

    Magni Pompeii aetatem,

    Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156:

    mortem,

    id. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

    initia imperii,

    Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante):

    circa Demetrium Phalerea,

    about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.:

    Tisiam et Coraca,

    id. 2, 17, 7:

    Philippum,

    id. 12, 10, 6:

    Ciceronem,

    Sen. Contr. 1 praef.:

    Attium,

    Vell. 1, 17, 1.—
    2.
    In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter):

    ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta,

    Liv. 45, 34, 6:

    quingentos Romanorum,

    id. 27, 42, 8:

    decem milia Persarum,

    Curt. 4, 6, 30:

    sestertium vicies,

    Suet. Claud. 6:

    quartum milliarium,

    id. Ner. 48:

    selibram,

    Cels. 4, 19:

    singulas heminas,

    id. 7, 15.—
    C.
    (Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.
    1.
    Upon substantives:

    circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio,

    Quint. 10, 5, 5:

    circa S litteram deliciae,

    id. 1, 11, 6:

    verba dissensio,

    id. 3, 11, 5:

    memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio,

    id. 11, 2, 22:

    hoc opiniones,

    id. 2, 15, 1;

    Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est,

    Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15:

    voces inani studio,

    id. 8, prooem §

    18 et saep: rura sermo,

    Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5:

    classicum brevis et expeditus labor,

    Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13:

    hospitia nullum fastidium,

    id. Pan. 20, 3:

    publica circa bonas artes socordia,

    Tac. A. 11, 15:

    principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe,

    Suet. Claud. 14.—
    2.
    Upon adjectives:

    non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 12:

    jus nostrum attentior,

    id. 4, 5, 21:

    studia mentis erectae,

    id. 1, 3, 10:

    lites raras ridiculi,

    id. 7, 1, 43:

    praecepta utiles sententiae,

    id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.:

    corporis curam morosior,

    Suet. Caes. 45:

    victum indifferens,

    id. ib. 53:

    deos ac religiones neglegentior,

    id. Tib. 69:

    administrationem imperii vacuus,

    id. Dom. 3 al.:

    summa scelera distentum,

    Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.:

    adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi,

    id. G. 28:

    excessus otiosus,

    id. Or. 22:

    se animati,

    Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —
    3.
    Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

    hoc disputatum est,

    id. 1, 5, 34:

    priores erratur,

    id. 2, 5, 26:

    formas litterarum haerere,

    id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35:

    consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur,

    Tac. H. 1, 13:

    Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas,

    id. Or. 3:

    successorem omnia ordinari,

    Suet. Claud. 45:

    ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit,

    id. ib. 22.
    ► Circa very rarely follows its case:

    quem circa,

    Cic.
    Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id..3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.
    2.
    Circa, ae, v. Circe.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circa

  • 3 vicina

    vīcīnus, a, um, adj. [vicus], near, neighboring, in the neighborhood or vicinity.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Adj. (mostly poet.; cf.:

    contiguus, finitimus): taberna,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24:

    silva,

    id. C. 3, 29, 39:

    oppidum,

    id. Epod. 5, 44:

    urbes,

    id. A. P. 66; Verg. G. 1, 510:

    sedes astris,

    id. A. 5, 759:

    caelo Olympum,

    Tib. 4, 1, 131:

    heu quam vicina est ultima terra mihi!

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 52:

    bellum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 6.— Poet.:

    jurgia,

    i.e. of neighbors, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 171.—With gen.:

    ora vicina perusti aetheris,

    Luc. 9, 432.— Comp.:

    ni convexa foret (terra), parti vicinior esset,

    Ov. F. 6, 275.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    vīcīnus, i, m., a neighbor (the predom. signif. of the word):

    Eutychus Tuus... vicinus proximus,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 7; so,

    proximus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21; Dig. 50, 15, 4:

    ceteri finitimi ac vicini,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 58:

    vel tribules vel vicinos meos,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

    si te interioribus vicinis tuis anteponis,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

    bonus sane vicinus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

    vicine Palaemon,

    Verg. E. 3, 53.—
    b.
    Transf., of time, a contemporary: Tertullianus vicinus eorum temporum, Hier. Script. Eccl. Luc.—
    2.
    vīcīna, ae, f., a neighbor:

    ego huc transeo in proximum ad meam vicinam,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 2; 3, 3, 16; Ter. And. 1, 1, 78; id. Hec. 4, 4, 98; Quint. 5, 11, 28; Hor. C. 3, 19, 24.—With gen.:

    Fides in Capitolio vicina Jovis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    anus vicina loci,

    Ov. F. 6, 399.—
    3.
    vīcīnum, i, n., a neighboring place, the neighborhood, vicinity (mostly post-Aug.):

    stellae in vicino terrae,

    Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 68; so,

    in vicino,

    id. 6, 26, 30, § 122; Cels. 2, 6 fin.; Sen. Brev. Vit. 15, 3:

    ex (e) vicino,

    Col. 7, 2, 4; Plin. 23, 8, 75, § 145.— Plur.:

    amnis rigans vicina,

    Plin. 6, 18, 22, § 65; Ov. M. 1, 573.—With gen.:

    in Syriae vicina pervenire,

    Plin. 16, 32, 59, § 135.—
    II.
    Trop., nearly resembling in quality or nature, like, similar, kindred, allied (class.):

    dialecticorum scientia vicina et finitima eloquentiae,

    Cic. Or. 32, 113:

    vicina praedictae, sed amplior virtus,

    Quint. 8, 3, 83:

    in his rebus, quibus nomina sua sunt, vicinis potius uti,

    id. 8, 6, 35:

    vicina virtutibus vitia,

    id. 8, 3, 7: quod est hupoptôsei vicinum, id. 9, 2, 58:

    odor croco vicinus est,

    Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53; cf. id. 21, 18, 69, § 115:

    cui vicinum est, non negare quod obicitur,

    Quint. 6, 3, 81.— Comp.:

    ferrum molle plumboque vicinius,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 143.—
    b.
    Absol.:

    non ex eodem sed ex diverso vicinum accipitur,

    Quint. 9, 3, 68:

    multum ab amethysto distat hyacinthos, tamen e vicino descendens,

    Plin. 37, 9, 41, § 125 (al. ab vicino tamen colore descendens).—Hence, adv.: vīcīnē, in the neighborhood, near by (late Lat.): (fluvius) quantum crescit aquis, pisces vicinius offert, nearer by, Ven. Carm. 3, 12, 11:

    vicinissime frui,

    Aug. Doctr. Chr. 1, 33 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vicina

  • 4 vicinum

    vīcīnus, a, um, adj. [vicus], near, neighboring, in the neighborhood or vicinity.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Adj. (mostly poet.; cf.:

    contiguus, finitimus): taberna,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24:

    silva,

    id. C. 3, 29, 39:

    oppidum,

    id. Epod. 5, 44:

    urbes,

    id. A. P. 66; Verg. G. 1, 510:

    sedes astris,

    id. A. 5, 759:

    caelo Olympum,

    Tib. 4, 1, 131:

    heu quam vicina est ultima terra mihi!

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 52:

    bellum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 6.— Poet.:

    jurgia,

    i.e. of neighbors, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 171.—With gen.:

    ora vicina perusti aetheris,

    Luc. 9, 432.— Comp.:

    ni convexa foret (terra), parti vicinior esset,

    Ov. F. 6, 275.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    vīcīnus, i, m., a neighbor (the predom. signif. of the word):

    Eutychus Tuus... vicinus proximus,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 7; so,

    proximus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21; Dig. 50, 15, 4:

    ceteri finitimi ac vicini,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 58:

    vel tribules vel vicinos meos,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

    si te interioribus vicinis tuis anteponis,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

    bonus sane vicinus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

    vicine Palaemon,

    Verg. E. 3, 53.—
    b.
    Transf., of time, a contemporary: Tertullianus vicinus eorum temporum, Hier. Script. Eccl. Luc.—
    2.
    vīcīna, ae, f., a neighbor:

    ego huc transeo in proximum ad meam vicinam,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 2; 3, 3, 16; Ter. And. 1, 1, 78; id. Hec. 4, 4, 98; Quint. 5, 11, 28; Hor. C. 3, 19, 24.—With gen.:

    Fides in Capitolio vicina Jovis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    anus vicina loci,

    Ov. F. 6, 399.—
    3.
    vīcīnum, i, n., a neighboring place, the neighborhood, vicinity (mostly post-Aug.):

    stellae in vicino terrae,

    Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 68; so,

    in vicino,

    id. 6, 26, 30, § 122; Cels. 2, 6 fin.; Sen. Brev. Vit. 15, 3:

    ex (e) vicino,

    Col. 7, 2, 4; Plin. 23, 8, 75, § 145.— Plur.:

    amnis rigans vicina,

    Plin. 6, 18, 22, § 65; Ov. M. 1, 573.—With gen.:

    in Syriae vicina pervenire,

    Plin. 16, 32, 59, § 135.—
    II.
    Trop., nearly resembling in quality or nature, like, similar, kindred, allied (class.):

    dialecticorum scientia vicina et finitima eloquentiae,

    Cic. Or. 32, 113:

    vicina praedictae, sed amplior virtus,

    Quint. 8, 3, 83:

    in his rebus, quibus nomina sua sunt, vicinis potius uti,

    id. 8, 6, 35:

    vicina virtutibus vitia,

    id. 8, 3, 7: quod est hupoptôsei vicinum, id. 9, 2, 58:

    odor croco vicinus est,

    Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53; cf. id. 21, 18, 69, § 115:

    cui vicinum est, non negare quod obicitur,

    Quint. 6, 3, 81.— Comp.:

    ferrum molle plumboque vicinius,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 143.—
    b.
    Absol.:

    non ex eodem sed ex diverso vicinum accipitur,

    Quint. 9, 3, 68:

    multum ab amethysto distat hyacinthos, tamen e vicino descendens,

    Plin. 37, 9, 41, § 125 (al. ab vicino tamen colore descendens).—Hence, adv.: vīcīnē, in the neighborhood, near by (late Lat.): (fluvius) quantum crescit aquis, pisces vicinius offert, nearer by, Ven. Carm. 3, 12, 11:

    vicinissime frui,

    Aug. Doctr. Chr. 1, 33 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vicinum

  • 5 vicinus

    vīcīnus, a, um, adj. [vicus], near, neighboring, in the neighborhood or vicinity.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Adj. (mostly poet.; cf.:

    contiguus, finitimus): taberna,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24:

    silva,

    id. C. 3, 29, 39:

    oppidum,

    id. Epod. 5, 44:

    urbes,

    id. A. P. 66; Verg. G. 1, 510:

    sedes astris,

    id. A. 5, 759:

    caelo Olympum,

    Tib. 4, 1, 131:

    heu quam vicina est ultima terra mihi!

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 52:

    bellum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 6.— Poet.:

    jurgia,

    i.e. of neighbors, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 171.—With gen.:

    ora vicina perusti aetheris,

    Luc. 9, 432.— Comp.:

    ni convexa foret (terra), parti vicinior esset,

    Ov. F. 6, 275.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    vīcīnus, i, m., a neighbor (the predom. signif. of the word):

    Eutychus Tuus... vicinus proximus,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 7; so,

    proximus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21; Dig. 50, 15, 4:

    ceteri finitimi ac vicini,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 58:

    vel tribules vel vicinos meos,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

    si te interioribus vicinis tuis anteponis,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

    bonus sane vicinus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

    vicine Palaemon,

    Verg. E. 3, 53.—
    b.
    Transf., of time, a contemporary: Tertullianus vicinus eorum temporum, Hier. Script. Eccl. Luc.—
    2.
    vīcīna, ae, f., a neighbor:

    ego huc transeo in proximum ad meam vicinam,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 2; 3, 3, 16; Ter. And. 1, 1, 78; id. Hec. 4, 4, 98; Quint. 5, 11, 28; Hor. C. 3, 19, 24.—With gen.:

    Fides in Capitolio vicina Jovis,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    anus vicina loci,

    Ov. F. 6, 399.—
    3.
    vīcīnum, i, n., a neighboring place, the neighborhood, vicinity (mostly post-Aug.):

    stellae in vicino terrae,

    Plin. 2, 16, 13, § 68; so,

    in vicino,

    id. 6, 26, 30, § 122; Cels. 2, 6 fin.; Sen. Brev. Vit. 15, 3:

    ex (e) vicino,

    Col. 7, 2, 4; Plin. 23, 8, 75, § 145.— Plur.:

    amnis rigans vicina,

    Plin. 6, 18, 22, § 65; Ov. M. 1, 573.—With gen.:

    in Syriae vicina pervenire,

    Plin. 16, 32, 59, § 135.—
    II.
    Trop., nearly resembling in quality or nature, like, similar, kindred, allied (class.):

    dialecticorum scientia vicina et finitima eloquentiae,

    Cic. Or. 32, 113:

    vicina praedictae, sed amplior virtus,

    Quint. 8, 3, 83:

    in his rebus, quibus nomina sua sunt, vicinis potius uti,

    id. 8, 6, 35:

    vicina virtutibus vitia,

    id. 8, 3, 7: quod est hupoptôsei vicinum, id. 9, 2, 58:

    odor croco vicinus est,

    Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53; cf. id. 21, 18, 69, § 115:

    cui vicinum est, non negare quod obicitur,

    Quint. 6, 3, 81.— Comp.:

    ferrum molle plumboque vicinius,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 143.—
    b.
    Absol.:

    non ex eodem sed ex diverso vicinum accipitur,

    Quint. 9, 3, 68:

    multum ab amethysto distat hyacinthos, tamen e vicino descendens,

    Plin. 37, 9, 41, § 125 (al. ab vicino tamen colore descendens).—Hence, adv.: vīcīnē, in the neighborhood, near by (late Lat.): (fluvius) quantum crescit aquis, pisces vicinius offert, nearer by, Ven. Carm. 3, 12, 11:

    vicinissime frui,

    Aug. Doctr. Chr. 1, 33 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vicinus

  • 6 circum

        circum    [acc. of circus], adv. and praep.    I. Adv, around, round about, all around: Arboribus clausi circum, V.: quae circum essent opera, Cs.: portis circum omnibus instant, V.: circum tutae sub moenibus urbis, round about under the walls, V.: Gentibus circumque infraque relictis, O.: circum Undique convenere, on all sides, V.—    II. Praep. with acc. (sometimes following its case), around, about, all around: terra circum axem se convertit: novas circum felix eat hostia fruges, V.: circum caput Deposuit radios, O. — About, upon, around, near: capillus circum caput Reiectus, T.: flexo circum tempora cornu, O.: flumina circum, on the borders of the rivulets, V.: turbā circum te stante, H.: Circum claustra fremunt, V. — Among, around, through, to: circum villulas nostras errare, in our villas around: circum Me vectari rura caballo, H.: pueros circum amicos dimittit, to friends around: ducebat eos circum civitates: dimissis circum municipia litteris, Cs.: circum oram maritimam misit, ut, etc., L.: oras et litora circum Errans, V.—In the neighborhood of, around, about, at, near by: templa circum forum: urbes, quae circum Capuam sunt.—Of attendants, with, attending, accompanying: paucae, quae circum illam essent, T.: Hectora circum, V.: Circum pedes homines habere, i. e. slaves.—    III. In composition, the m before vowels was not pronounced, and is often omitted; circum with many verbs forms a loose compound, and tmesis is frequent in poetry (see circumago, circumdo, etc.). Some edd. have circum verto, circum volito, etc.
    * * *
    I
    about, around; round about, near; in a circle; in attendance; on both sides
    II
    around, about, among, near (space/time), in neighborhood of; in circle around

    Latin-English dictionary > circum

  • 7 vicinitas

    vīcīnĭtas, ātis, f. [id.], neighborhood, nearness, proximity, vicinity (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    vel virtus tua me vel vicinitas Facit, ut te audacter moneam, etc.,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 4:

    propter vicinitatem totos dies simul eramus,

    Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5:

    scire hoc propter vicinitatem facile possum,

    id. Planc. 8, 19; cf.:

    quorum et vicinitas propinqua et multitudo esset infinita,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 7.— Plur.:

    amicitiae, consuetudines, vicinitates, clientelae, ludi denique... quid haberent voluptatis, etc.,

    Cic. Red. Quir. 1, 3; cf. B. 2. infra.—
    B.
    Transf., concr.
    1.
    The neighborhood, vicinity, region:

    in Umbriā atque in eā vicinitate,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 48.—
    2.
    Neighborhood, i. q. neighbors (class.):

    si te libenter vicinitas videbit,

    Cato, R. R. 4:

    signum, quod erat notum vicinitati,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96; id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8:

    caritas serpit foras cognationibus primum, tum affinitatibus, deinde amicitiis, post vicinitatibus,

    id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 6, 34; Nep. Alcib. 10, 3; Sall. C. 36, 1; Suet. Aug. 6; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41.— Cf. plur.:

    conveniet autem cum in dando munificum esse, tum in exigendo non acerbum, in omnique re contrahendā... vicinitatibus et confiniis aequum,

    Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64.—
    II.
    Trop., near likeness, resemblance, similarity, congeniality, affinity:

    est quaedam inter epichirema et syllogismum vicinitas,

    Quint. 5, 10, 6:

    virtutibus ac vitiis,

    id. 3, 7, 25:

    excusantur vitia vicinitate vitiorum,

    id. 1, 5, 5:

    nominis (cyperi et cypiri),

    Plin. 21, 18, 69, § 115.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vicinitas

  • 8 vīcīnus

        vīcīnus adj. with comp.    [vicus], of the neighborhood, near, neighboring, in the vicinity: adulescentulus: bellum, L.: taberna, H.: iurgia, of neighbors, H.: astris sedes, V.: Ni convexa foret (terra), parti vicinior esset, O.—As subst m., a neighbor: proximus: vel tribulīs vel vicinos meos: bonus sane vicinus, H.: vicine Palaemon, V.—As subst f., a neighbor: Chrysis vicina haec moritur, T.: Fides vicina Iovis: anus vicina loci, O.— Plur neut. as subst, the neighborhood, vicinity: sonitu plus quam vicina fatigat, O.—Fig., similar, kindred, allied: vicina eius (eloquentiae) dialecticorum scientia.—Near, approaching: mors, Ph.
    * * *
    I
    vicina, vicinum ADJ
    nearby, neighboring
    II

    Latin-English dictionary > vīcīnus

  • 9 propinquus

        propinquus adj. with comp.    [prope], near, nigh, neighboring: rus, T.: loca, S.: urbs: nimium Sol, H.: urbi montes, N.: itinera loca, L.: exsilium paulo propinquius, O.—As subst n., neighborhood, vicinity: ex propinquo cognoscit Hannonem <*>rofectum, from being in the neighborhood, L.: in propinquo esse, L.—In time, near, at hand, not far off: reditus: stipendi spem propinquam facere, i. e. of speedy payment, L.—Fig., kindred, related, near: homo: mulier: tibi genere, S.: consanguinitate, V.—As subst m. and f a relation, relative, kinsman: societas propinquorum: propinquus et amicus: te reddere caris propinquis, H.: virgo huius propinqua, kinswoman.
    * * *
    I
    propinqua, propinquum ADJ
    near, neighboring
    II

    Latin-English dictionary > propinquus

  • 10 propinqua

    prŏpinquus, a, um, adj. [prope], near, neighboring (class.).
    I.
    Lit., of place:

    rus,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

    loca,

    Sall. J. 12, 2; 48, 4:

    nimium propinquus Sol,

    Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

    propinquum praedium,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

    provinciae,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34: insulae propinquae inter se, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 495, 33.—With gen.:

    in propinquis urbis montibus,

    Nep. Hann. 5, 1:

    ex propinquis itineris locis,

    Liv. 6, 25, 7 (al. itineri). — Comp.:

    exsilium paulo propinquius,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 51.— Subst.: prŏpinquum, i, n., neighborhood, vicinity:

    ex propinquo cognoscere,

    from being in the neighborhood, Liv. 25, 13; 22, 33, 4; 44, 3, 8:

    ex propinquo aspicio,

    id. 28, 44:

    consulis castra in propinquo sunt,

    id. 24, 38 fin.; 25, 15, 8.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, near, at hand, not far off:

    propinqua partitudo,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 36:

    reditus,

    Cic. Att. 9, 15, 3:

    mors, id. Div, 1, 30, 65: spes,

    Liv. 28, 25: vespera, Tac. A. [p. 1470] 15, 60.—
    B.
    Near in resemblance, resembling, similar, like:

    motus finitimi et propinqui his animi perturbationibus,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

    significatio,

    Gell. 6, 16, 11.—
    C.
    Near in relationship or connection, kindred, related:

    tibi genere propinqui,

    Sall. J. 10, 3; Verg. A. 2, 86; Suet. Ner. 3.— Subst.: prŏpinquus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman (syn.:

    affinis, agnatus): societas propinquorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53:

    tot propinqui cognatique,

    id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

    propinquus et amicus,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    propinqui ceteri,

    Sall. J. 14, 15:

    aequabiliter in longinquos, in propinquos,

    Cic. Mil. 28, 76; id. Fin. 5, 23, 67; id. Planc. 12, 29; Hor. S. 2, 3, 218; 1, 1, 83.—In fem.: prŏ-pinqua, ae, a female relative, kinswoman:

    virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

    Cic. Mur. 35, 73.—Hence, adv.: prŏ-pinquē, near, at hand, hard by (ante- and post-class.):

    adest propinque,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 18; 2, 7, 21; Front. Ep. ad Anton. 2, 2 Mai.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > propinqua

  • 11 propinquum

    prŏpinquus, a, um, adj. [prope], near, neighboring (class.).
    I.
    Lit., of place:

    rus,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

    loca,

    Sall. J. 12, 2; 48, 4:

    nimium propinquus Sol,

    Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

    propinquum praedium,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

    provinciae,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34: insulae propinquae inter se, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 495, 33.—With gen.:

    in propinquis urbis montibus,

    Nep. Hann. 5, 1:

    ex propinquis itineris locis,

    Liv. 6, 25, 7 (al. itineri). — Comp.:

    exsilium paulo propinquius,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 51.— Subst.: prŏpinquum, i, n., neighborhood, vicinity:

    ex propinquo cognoscere,

    from being in the neighborhood, Liv. 25, 13; 22, 33, 4; 44, 3, 8:

    ex propinquo aspicio,

    id. 28, 44:

    consulis castra in propinquo sunt,

    id. 24, 38 fin.; 25, 15, 8.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, near, at hand, not far off:

    propinqua partitudo,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 36:

    reditus,

    Cic. Att. 9, 15, 3:

    mors, id. Div, 1, 30, 65: spes,

    Liv. 28, 25: vespera, Tac. A. [p. 1470] 15, 60.—
    B.
    Near in resemblance, resembling, similar, like:

    motus finitimi et propinqui his animi perturbationibus,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

    significatio,

    Gell. 6, 16, 11.—
    C.
    Near in relationship or connection, kindred, related:

    tibi genere propinqui,

    Sall. J. 10, 3; Verg. A. 2, 86; Suet. Ner. 3.— Subst.: prŏpinquus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman (syn.:

    affinis, agnatus): societas propinquorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53:

    tot propinqui cognatique,

    id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

    propinquus et amicus,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    propinqui ceteri,

    Sall. J. 14, 15:

    aequabiliter in longinquos, in propinquos,

    Cic. Mil. 28, 76; id. Fin. 5, 23, 67; id. Planc. 12, 29; Hor. S. 2, 3, 218; 1, 1, 83.—In fem.: prŏ-pinqua, ae, a female relative, kinswoman:

    virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

    Cic. Mur. 35, 73.—Hence, adv.: prŏ-pinquē, near, at hand, hard by (ante- and post-class.):

    adest propinque,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 18; 2, 7, 21; Front. Ep. ad Anton. 2, 2 Mai.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > propinquum

  • 12 propinquus

    prŏpinquus, a, um, adj. [prope], near, neighboring (class.).
    I.
    Lit., of place:

    rus,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

    loca,

    Sall. J. 12, 2; 48, 4:

    nimium propinquus Sol,

    Hor. C. 1, 22, 21:

    propinquum praedium,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

    provinciae,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34: insulae propinquae inter se, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 495, 33.—With gen.:

    in propinquis urbis montibus,

    Nep. Hann. 5, 1:

    ex propinquis itineris locis,

    Liv. 6, 25, 7 (al. itineri). — Comp.:

    exsilium paulo propinquius,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 51.— Subst.: prŏpinquum, i, n., neighborhood, vicinity:

    ex propinquo cognoscere,

    from being in the neighborhood, Liv. 25, 13; 22, 33, 4; 44, 3, 8:

    ex propinquo aspicio,

    id. 28, 44:

    consulis castra in propinquo sunt,

    id. 24, 38 fin.; 25, 15, 8.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Of time, near, at hand, not far off:

    propinqua partitudo,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 36:

    reditus,

    Cic. Att. 9, 15, 3:

    mors, id. Div, 1, 30, 65: spes,

    Liv. 28, 25: vespera, Tac. A. [p. 1470] 15, 60.—
    B.
    Near in resemblance, resembling, similar, like:

    motus finitimi et propinqui his animi perturbationibus,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 185:

    significatio,

    Gell. 6, 16, 11.—
    C.
    Near in relationship or connection, kindred, related:

    tibi genere propinqui,

    Sall. J. 10, 3; Verg. A. 2, 86; Suet. Ner. 3.— Subst.: prŏpinquus, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman (syn.:

    affinis, agnatus): societas propinquorum,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53:

    tot propinqui cognatique,

    id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

    propinquus et amicus,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    propinqui ceteri,

    Sall. J. 14, 15:

    aequabiliter in longinquos, in propinquos,

    Cic. Mil. 28, 76; id. Fin. 5, 23, 67; id. Planc. 12, 29; Hor. S. 2, 3, 218; 1, 1, 83.—In fem.: prŏ-pinqua, ae, a female relative, kinswoman:

    virgo Vestalis hujus propinqua et necessaria,

    Cic. Mur. 35, 73.—Hence, adv.: prŏ-pinquē, near, at hand, hard by (ante- and post-class.):

    adest propinque,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 18; 2, 7, 21; Front. Ep. ad Anton. 2, 2 Mai.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > propinquus

  • 13 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 14 ad

       ad praep. with acc.    [cf. Eng. at].—Of approach (opp. to ab, as in to ex).    I. In space, to, toward: retorquet oculos ad urbem: una pars vergit ad septentriones, Cs.: tendens ad sidera palmas, V. —Fig.: ad alia vitia propensior, more inclined to. —Esp., ad dextram, sinistram, or laevam, to or on the right or left: ito ad dextram, T.: alqd ad dextram conspicere, Cs.: non rectā regione... sed ad laevam, L.—Designating the goal, to, toward: ad ripam convenire, Cs.: vocari ad cenam, H.: ad se adferre: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat (cf. accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; and, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province).— Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in T. freq.): eamus ad me, T. — With gen., ellipt.: ad Dianae, to the temple of, T.: ad Castoris currere. — Used for dat: litteras dare ad aliquem, to write one a letter (cf. litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one): domum ad te scribere: ad primam (epistulam) scribere, to answer.—Hence, librum ad aliquem mittere, scribere, to dedicate a book to one. —In titles, ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.— With names of towns, ad answers to Whither? for the simple acc., i. e. to the vicinity of, to the neighborhood of: ad Aquinum accedere, approach: ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam. — Of hostile movement or protection, against (cf. adversus): veniri ad se existimantes, Cs.: ipse ad hostem vehitur, N.: Romulus ad regem impetum facit (cf. in), L.: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, V.: ad hos casūs provisa praesidia, Cs.—In war, of manner of fighting: ad pedes pugna venerat, was fought out on foot, L.: equitem ad pedes deducere, L.: pugna ad gladios venerat, L. — Emphatic of distance, to, even to, all the way to: a Salonis ad Oricum portūs... occupavit, Cs.: usque a Dianis ad Sinopum navigare. — Fig.: deverberasse usque ad necem, T.: virgis ad necem caedi.—Of nearness or proximity in gen. (cf. apud), near to, by, at, close by: ad forīs adsistere: Ianum ad infimum Argiletum fecit, L.: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, L.: errantem ad flumina, V.; and ellipt.: pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! — Of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, Cs.: ad me fuit, at my house: ad inferos poenas parricidi luent, among.—So, fig.: ad omnīs nationes sanctum, in the judgment of, Cs.: ut esset ad posteros monumentum, etc., L.: ad urbem esse (of a general outside of the walls): ad urbem cum imperio remanere, Cs.—With names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Cs.; and with an ordinal number and lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, N.—    II. In time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening.—Till, until, to, even to, up to: usque ad hanc aetatem: ad multam noctem: amant ad quoddam tempus, until: quem ad finem? how long: ad quartam (sc. horam), H. — Hence, ad id (sc. tempus), till then: ad id dubios servare animos, L.— At, on, in, by: ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour: frumentum ad diem dare. —    III. In number or amount, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. circiter): talenta ad quindecim coëgi, T.: annos ad quadraginta natus.—Adverb.: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Cs.: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, L.—Of a limit, to, unto, even to (rare): (viaticum) ad assem perdere, to the last farthing, H.: ad denarium solvere. —Esp., ad unum, to a single one, without exception: omnes ad unum idem sentiunt: exosus ad unum Troianos, V. —    IV. In other relations, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in: ad honorem antecellere: nihil ad rem pertinet.—Ellipt.: rectene an secus, nihil ad nos: Quid ad praetorem? quid ad rem? i. e. what difference does it make? H.: quibus (auxiliaribus) ad pugnam confidebat, Cs.: ad speciem ornatus, ad sensum acerbus: mentis ad omnia caecitas: ad cetera paene gemelli, H.: facultas ad dicendum.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., according to, agreeably to, after: taleis ad certum pondus examinatis, Cs.: ad cursūs lunae describit annum, L.: canere ad tibiam: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (see unguis), H.: ad istorum normam sapientes: ad specus angustiae vallium (i. e. ad specuum similitudinem angustae valles), Cs. — With the cause or reason, according to, at, on, in consequence of, for, in order to: ad horum proces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, L.: dictis ad fallendum instructis, L.: causae ad discordiam, to produce dissension, T.: ad facinora incendere, S.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Cs.: ad id, for this use, as a means to that end, L.: ad id ipsum, for that my purpose, L.: delecto milite ad navīs, marines, L.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, H.: biiugi ad frena leones, yoked in pairs with bits, V.: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: ad communem salutem utilius.—In comparison, to, compared with, in comparison with: terra ad universi caeli complexum: nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar.—    V. In adverbial phrases, ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., L.—Ad hoc and ad haec, moreover, besides, in addition: ad hoc, quos... postremo omnes, quos, etc., S. — Ad id quod, beside that (rare): ad id quod... indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, L. — Ad tempus, at a definite, fixed time, C., L.; at a fit, appropriate time, L.; for some time, for a short time, L.; according to circumstances. — Ad praesens, for the moment, for a short time.—Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, L.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally. — Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in general; in a word, in short, C., H.—Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum, at the end, finally, at last; of place, at the extremity, at the top, at the end: ad extremum (teli) unde ferrum exstabat, L.; of time, at last, finally: ad extremum incipit philosophari; of order, finally, lastly; to the last degree, quite, L. — Quem ad finem? to what limit? how far? how long? Note.—a. Ad rarely follows its acc: quam ad, T.: quos ad, C.: ripam ad Araxis, Ta.—b. In composition, ad- stands before vowels, b, d, f, h, i consonant, m, n, q, v, and mostly before l, r, s; acbefore c; but very often ad- before cl-, cr-, and cu-; ag- or ad- before g; ap- or ad- before p; atbefore t; but a- or ad- before gn, sp, sc, st.
    * * *
    I II
    to, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost; according to; about w/NUM

    Latin-English dictionary > ad

  • 15 agger

    agger, ĕris, m. [ad-gero].
    I.
    Things brought to a place in order to form an elevation above a surface or plain, as rubbish, stone, earth, sand, brushwood, materials for a rampart, etc. (in the histt., esp. Cæs., freq.; sometimes in the poets): ab opere revocandi milites, qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causā processerant, Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    aggere paludem explere,

    id. ib. 7, 58; cf. id. ib. 7, 86:

    longius erat agger petendus,

    id. B. C. 1, 42; 2, 15 al.:

    superjecto aggere terreno,

    Suet. Calig. 19; cf. id. ib. 37:

    implere cavernas aggere,

    Curt. 8, 10, 27:

    fossas aggere complent,

    Verg. A. 9, 567: avis e medio aggere exit, from the midst of the pile of wood, Ov. M. 12, 524.— But far oftener,
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    The pile formed by masses of rubbish, stone, earth, brushwood, etc., collected together; acc. to its destination, a dam, dike, mole, pier; a hillock, mound, wall, bulwark, rampart, etc.; esp. freq. in the histt. of artificial elevations for military purposes: tertium militare sepimentum est fossa et terreus agger, a clay or mud wall, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: aggeribus niveis ( with snow-drifts) informis Terra, Verg. G. 3, 354:

    atque ipsis proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, pleon. for muris,

    id. A. 10, 24; cf. id. ib. 10, 144:

    ut cocto tolleret aggere opus, of the walls of Babylon,

    Prop. 4, 10, 22.— A dike of earth for the protection of a harbor (Ital. molo), Vitr. 5, 12, 122; Ov. M. 14, 445; 15, 690.— A causeway through a swamp:

    aggeres umido paludum et fallacibus campis imponere,

    Tac. A. 1, 61.— A heap or pile of arms:

    agger armorum,

    Tac. H. 2, 70.— Poet., for mountains:

    aggeres Alpini,

    Verg. A. 6, 830; so,

    Thessalici aggeres,

    i. e. Pelion, Ossa, Olympus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 168.— A funeral pile of wood, Ov. M. 9, 234, and Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.— A heap of ashes:

    ab alto aggere,

    Luc. 5, 524 Weber.— A high wave of the sea:

    ab alto Aggere dejecit pelagi,

    Luc. 5, 674:

    consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem,

    Sen. Hippol. 1015 (cf.:

    mons aquae,

    Verg. A. 1, 105).—
    B.
    In milit. lang.
    1.
    A mound erected before the walls of a besieged city, for the purpose of sustaining the battering engines, and which was gradually advanced to the town; cf. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

    aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4; id. Att. 5, 20:

    esset agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia,

    id. Phil. 10, 9:

    celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere jacto turribusque constitutis, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

    jacere,

    to throw up, Sall. J. 37, 4; so Vulg. Isa. 29, 3:

    aggerem exstruere,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

    instruere,

    id. ib. 8, 41:

    promovere ad urbem,

    to bring near to the city, Liv. 5, 7.— Hence, poet.: stellatis axibus agger Erigitur, geminasque aequantis moenia turres Accipit, a mound is built provided with wheels (for moving it forwards), Luc. 3, 455; imitated by Sil. 13, 109.—Since such aggeres consisted principally of wood, they could be easily set on fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14: horae momento simul aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv 5, 7.— Trop.:

    Graecia esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio, vel agger oppugnandae Italiae,

    rampart, mound, Cic. Phil. 10, 4: Agger Tarquini, the mound raised by Tarquinius Superbus for the defence of the eastern part of the city of Rome, in the neighborhood of the present Porta S. Lorenzo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; cf. id. 36, 15, 24, n. 2, * Hor. S. 1, 8, 15; Juv. 5, 153; so id. 8, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 74.—Suet. uses agger for the Tarpeian rock: quoad praecipitaretur ex aggere, Calig. 27.—
    2.
    The mound raised for the protection of a camp before the trench (fossa), and from earth dug from it, which was secured by a stockade (vallum), consisting of sharpened stakes (valli); cf.

    Hab. Syn. 68, and Smith's Dict. Antiq.: in litore sedes, Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit,

    Verg. A. 7, 159; Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47.—
    3.
    The tribunal, in a camp, formed of turf, from which the general addressed his soldiers:

    stetit aggere saltus Cespitis, intrepidus vultum meruitque timeri,

    Luc. 5, 317:

    vix eā turre senex, cum ductor ab aggere coepit,

    Stat. Th. 7, 374; cf. Tac. A. 1, 18 Lips.—
    4.
    A military or public road, commonly graded by embankments of earth (in the class. per. only in Verg. and Tac., and always in connection with viae, agger alone belonging only to later Lat.):

    viae deprensus in aggere serpens,

    Verg. A. 5, 273:

    Aurelius agger, i. e. via Aurelia,

    Rutil. Itiner. 39:

    aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere,

    Tac. H. 2, 24 and 42; 3, 21 and 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > agger

  • 16 Cadmea

    Cadmus, i, m., = Kadmos.
    I.
    Son of the Phœnician king Agenor, brother of Europa, husband of Harmonia, father of Polydorus, Ino, Semele, Autonoë, and Agave; founder of the Cadmea, the citadel of the Bœotian Thebes, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; id. N. D. 3. 19, 48; Ov. M. 3, 14 sq.; id. F. 1, 490; id. P. 4, 10, 55; the inventor of alphabetic writing, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 192 sqq. (hence letters are called Cadmi filiolae atricolores, Aus. Ep. 29;

    and Cadmi nigellae filiae,

    id. ib. 21). He and his wife. Harmonia were at last changed into serpents, Ov. M. 4, 572 sq.; Hor. A. P. 187; cf. Hyg. Fab. 6; 148; 179;

    274.—Hence, Cadmi soror,

    i. e. Europa, Ov. P. 4, 10, 55.—
    B.
    Derivv.
    1.
    Cadmēus, a, um, adj., = Kadmeios, of or pertaining to Cadmus, Cadmean:

    Thebae,

    Prop. 1, 7, 1:

    juventus, i. e. Thebana,

    Theban, Stat. Th. 8, 601:

    Dirce (because in the neighborhood of Thebes),

    Luc. 3, 175:

    mater,

    i. e. Agave, the mother of Pentheus, Sen. Oedip. 1005: cistae, i. e. of Bacchus (because Bacchus was the grandson of Cadmus by Semele), id. Herc. Oet. 595:

    Tyros (because Cadmus came from Phœnicia),

    Prop. 3 (4), 13, 7.—Also Carthaginian:

    gens, stirps, manus = Carthaginiensis,

    Sil. 1, 6; 1, 106; 17, 582.—
    b.
    Subst.: Cadmēa, ae, f. (sc. arx), the citadel of Thebes founded by Cadmus, Nep. Pelop. 1, 2; id. Epam. 10, 3.—
    2.
    Cadmēĭus, a, um, adj., Cadmean:

    genitrix,

    i. e. Agave, Stat. Th. 4, 565: seges, i. e. the armed men that sprang from the dragon ' s teeth sown by Cadmus, Val. Fl. 7, 282:

    heros,

    i. e. the Theban, Polynices, Stat. Th. 3, 366; so,

    Haemon,

    id. 8, 458 and 520.—
    3.
    Cadmēïs, ĭdis, f. adj. (acc. Cadmeidem and Cadmeida, Neue, Formenl. 1, 211; 1, 305; voc. Cadmei, ib. 1, 293), = Kadmêïs, of Cadmus, Cadmean:

    domus,

    Ov. M. 4, 545:

    arx,

    id. ib. 6, 217:

    matres,

    i. e. Theban women, id. ib. 9, 304.—
    b.
    Subst., a female descendant of Cadmus; so of Semele, Ov. M. 3, 287; of Ino, id. F. 6, 553.— Plur. Cadmeïdes, the daughters of Cadmus, Agave, Ino, and Autonoë, Sen. Herc. Fur. 758.—
    II.
    An historian of Miletus, said to have been the earliest prose writer, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 112; 7, 56, 57, § 205.—
    III.
    A bloodthirsty executioner in the time of Horace, Hor. S. 1, 6, 39; Schol. Crucq.—
    IV.
    A mountain in Caria, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 118.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cadmea

  • 17 Cadmeius

    Cadmus, i, m., = Kadmos.
    I.
    Son of the Phœnician king Agenor, brother of Europa, husband of Harmonia, father of Polydorus, Ino, Semele, Autonoë, and Agave; founder of the Cadmea, the citadel of the Bœotian Thebes, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; id. N. D. 3. 19, 48; Ov. M. 3, 14 sq.; id. F. 1, 490; id. P. 4, 10, 55; the inventor of alphabetic writing, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 192 sqq. (hence letters are called Cadmi filiolae atricolores, Aus. Ep. 29;

    and Cadmi nigellae filiae,

    id. ib. 21). He and his wife. Harmonia were at last changed into serpents, Ov. M. 4, 572 sq.; Hor. A. P. 187; cf. Hyg. Fab. 6; 148; 179;

    274.—Hence, Cadmi soror,

    i. e. Europa, Ov. P. 4, 10, 55.—
    B.
    Derivv.
    1.
    Cadmēus, a, um, adj., = Kadmeios, of or pertaining to Cadmus, Cadmean:

    Thebae,

    Prop. 1, 7, 1:

    juventus, i. e. Thebana,

    Theban, Stat. Th. 8, 601:

    Dirce (because in the neighborhood of Thebes),

    Luc. 3, 175:

    mater,

    i. e. Agave, the mother of Pentheus, Sen. Oedip. 1005: cistae, i. e. of Bacchus (because Bacchus was the grandson of Cadmus by Semele), id. Herc. Oet. 595:

    Tyros (because Cadmus came from Phœnicia),

    Prop. 3 (4), 13, 7.—Also Carthaginian:

    gens, stirps, manus = Carthaginiensis,

    Sil. 1, 6; 1, 106; 17, 582.—
    b.
    Subst.: Cadmēa, ae, f. (sc. arx), the citadel of Thebes founded by Cadmus, Nep. Pelop. 1, 2; id. Epam. 10, 3.—
    2.
    Cadmēĭus, a, um, adj., Cadmean:

    genitrix,

    i. e. Agave, Stat. Th. 4, 565: seges, i. e. the armed men that sprang from the dragon ' s teeth sown by Cadmus, Val. Fl. 7, 282:

    heros,

    i. e. the Theban, Polynices, Stat. Th. 3, 366; so,

    Haemon,

    id. 8, 458 and 520.—
    3.
    Cadmēïs, ĭdis, f. adj. (acc. Cadmeidem and Cadmeida, Neue, Formenl. 1, 211; 1, 305; voc. Cadmei, ib. 1, 293), = Kadmêïs, of Cadmus, Cadmean:

    domus,

    Ov. M. 4, 545:

    arx,

    id. ib. 6, 217:

    matres,

    i. e. Theban women, id. ib. 9, 304.—
    b.
    Subst., a female descendant of Cadmus; so of Semele, Ov. M. 3, 287; of Ino, id. F. 6, 553.— Plur. Cadmeïdes, the daughters of Cadmus, Agave, Ino, and Autonoë, Sen. Herc. Fur. 758.—
    II.
    An historian of Miletus, said to have been the earliest prose writer, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 112; 7, 56, 57, § 205.—
    III.
    A bloodthirsty executioner in the time of Horace, Hor. S. 1, 6, 39; Schol. Crucq.—
    IV.
    A mountain in Caria, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 118.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cadmeius

  • 18 Cadmeus

    Cadmus, i, m., = Kadmos.
    I.
    Son of the Phœnician king Agenor, brother of Europa, husband of Harmonia, father of Polydorus, Ino, Semele, Autonoë, and Agave; founder of the Cadmea, the citadel of the Bœotian Thebes, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; id. N. D. 3. 19, 48; Ov. M. 3, 14 sq.; id. F. 1, 490; id. P. 4, 10, 55; the inventor of alphabetic writing, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 192 sqq. (hence letters are called Cadmi filiolae atricolores, Aus. Ep. 29;

    and Cadmi nigellae filiae,

    id. ib. 21). He and his wife. Harmonia were at last changed into serpents, Ov. M. 4, 572 sq.; Hor. A. P. 187; cf. Hyg. Fab. 6; 148; 179;

    274.—Hence, Cadmi soror,

    i. e. Europa, Ov. P. 4, 10, 55.—
    B.
    Derivv.
    1.
    Cadmēus, a, um, adj., = Kadmeios, of or pertaining to Cadmus, Cadmean:

    Thebae,

    Prop. 1, 7, 1:

    juventus, i. e. Thebana,

    Theban, Stat. Th. 8, 601:

    Dirce (because in the neighborhood of Thebes),

    Luc. 3, 175:

    mater,

    i. e. Agave, the mother of Pentheus, Sen. Oedip. 1005: cistae, i. e. of Bacchus (because Bacchus was the grandson of Cadmus by Semele), id. Herc. Oet. 595:

    Tyros (because Cadmus came from Phœnicia),

    Prop. 3 (4), 13, 7.—Also Carthaginian:

    gens, stirps, manus = Carthaginiensis,

    Sil. 1, 6; 1, 106; 17, 582.—
    b.
    Subst.: Cadmēa, ae, f. (sc. arx), the citadel of Thebes founded by Cadmus, Nep. Pelop. 1, 2; id. Epam. 10, 3.—
    2.
    Cadmēĭus, a, um, adj., Cadmean:

    genitrix,

    i. e. Agave, Stat. Th. 4, 565: seges, i. e. the armed men that sprang from the dragon ' s teeth sown by Cadmus, Val. Fl. 7, 282:

    heros,

    i. e. the Theban, Polynices, Stat. Th. 3, 366; so,

    Haemon,

    id. 8, 458 and 520.—
    3.
    Cadmēïs, ĭdis, f. adj. (acc. Cadmeidem and Cadmeida, Neue, Formenl. 1, 211; 1, 305; voc. Cadmei, ib. 1, 293), = Kadmêïs, of Cadmus, Cadmean:

    domus,

    Ov. M. 4, 545:

    arx,

    id. ib. 6, 217:

    matres,

    i. e. Theban women, id. ib. 9, 304.—
    b.
    Subst., a female descendant of Cadmus; so of Semele, Ov. M. 3, 287; of Ino, id. F. 6, 553.— Plur. Cadmeïdes, the daughters of Cadmus, Agave, Ino, and Autonoë, Sen. Herc. Fur. 758.—
    II.
    An historian of Miletus, said to have been the earliest prose writer, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 112; 7, 56, 57, § 205.—
    III.
    A bloodthirsty executioner in the time of Horace, Hor. S. 1, 6, 39; Schol. Crucq.—
    IV.
    A mountain in Caria, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 118.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cadmeus

  • 19 Cadmus

    Cadmus, i, m., = Kadmos.
    I.
    Son of the Phœnician king Agenor, brother of Europa, husband of Harmonia, father of Polydorus, Ino, Semele, Autonoë, and Agave; founder of the Cadmea, the citadel of the Bœotian Thebes, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; id. N. D. 3. 19, 48; Ov. M. 3, 14 sq.; id. F. 1, 490; id. P. 4, 10, 55; the inventor of alphabetic writing, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 192 sqq. (hence letters are called Cadmi filiolae atricolores, Aus. Ep. 29;

    and Cadmi nigellae filiae,

    id. ib. 21). He and his wife. Harmonia were at last changed into serpents, Ov. M. 4, 572 sq.; Hor. A. P. 187; cf. Hyg. Fab. 6; 148; 179;

    274.—Hence, Cadmi soror,

    i. e. Europa, Ov. P. 4, 10, 55.—
    B.
    Derivv.
    1.
    Cadmēus, a, um, adj., = Kadmeios, of or pertaining to Cadmus, Cadmean:

    Thebae,

    Prop. 1, 7, 1:

    juventus, i. e. Thebana,

    Theban, Stat. Th. 8, 601:

    Dirce (because in the neighborhood of Thebes),

    Luc. 3, 175:

    mater,

    i. e. Agave, the mother of Pentheus, Sen. Oedip. 1005: cistae, i. e. of Bacchus (because Bacchus was the grandson of Cadmus by Semele), id. Herc. Oet. 595:

    Tyros (because Cadmus came from Phœnicia),

    Prop. 3 (4), 13, 7.—Also Carthaginian:

    gens, stirps, manus = Carthaginiensis,

    Sil. 1, 6; 1, 106; 17, 582.—
    b.
    Subst.: Cadmēa, ae, f. (sc. arx), the citadel of Thebes founded by Cadmus, Nep. Pelop. 1, 2; id. Epam. 10, 3.—
    2.
    Cadmēĭus, a, um, adj., Cadmean:

    genitrix,

    i. e. Agave, Stat. Th. 4, 565: seges, i. e. the armed men that sprang from the dragon ' s teeth sown by Cadmus, Val. Fl. 7, 282:

    heros,

    i. e. the Theban, Polynices, Stat. Th. 3, 366; so,

    Haemon,

    id. 8, 458 and 520.—
    3.
    Cadmēïs, ĭdis, f. adj. (acc. Cadmeidem and Cadmeida, Neue, Formenl. 1, 211; 1, 305; voc. Cadmei, ib. 1, 293), = Kadmêïs, of Cadmus, Cadmean:

    domus,

    Ov. M. 4, 545:

    arx,

    id. ib. 6, 217:

    matres,

    i. e. Theban women, id. ib. 9, 304.—
    b.
    Subst., a female descendant of Cadmus; so of Semele, Ov. M. 3, 287; of Ino, id. F. 6, 553.— Plur. Cadmeïdes, the daughters of Cadmus, Agave, Ino, and Autonoë, Sen. Herc. Fur. 758.—
    II.
    An historian of Miletus, said to have been the earliest prose writer, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 112; 7, 56, 57, § 205.—
    III.
    A bloodthirsty executioner in the time of Horace, Hor. S. 1, 6, 39; Schol. Crucq.—
    IV.
    A mountain in Caria, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 118.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cadmus

  • 20 contineo

    con-tĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. and n. [teneo].
    I.
    Act., to hold or keep together.
    A.
    In gen. (rare).
    1.
    Lit. (syn.:

    coërceo, conjungo): contine quaeso caput,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 26:

    quod omnem continet amplexu terram,

    Lucr. 5, 319; cf.:

    mundus omnia conplexu suo coërcet et continet,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 58:

    vitem levi nodo,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 187:

    magni refert primordia saepe cum quibus... contineantur,

    Lucr. 1, 818; 1, 908; 2, 761;

    2, 1008: pars oppidi, mari dijuncta angusto, ponte adjungitur et continetur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117.—
    b.
    Of places, to bound, limit, enclose (very rare in act.):

    reliquum spatium mons continet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 38:

    Oceanus ponto qua continet orbem,

    Tib. 4, 1, 147; but more freq. in pass., to be comprised, enclosed, surrounded, encompassed, environed by:

    qui vicus altissimis montibus undique continetur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1; so,

    undique loci naturā Helvetii,

    id. ib. 1, 2:

    mare montibus angustis,

    id. ib. 4, 23:

    una pars Galliae Garumnā flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum,

    id. ib. 1, 1.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    omnes artes quasi cognatione quādam inter se continentur,

    hang together, Cic. Arch. 1, 2.—Far more freq. in all periods and species of composition.,
    B.
    With partic. access. ideas.
    1.
    With the access. idea of firmness, quiet, permanence, etc., to hold or keep together, to keep, hold fast, preserve, retain (syn. servo).
    a.
    Lit.:

    (alvus) arcet et continet... quod recepit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136:

    merces (opp. partiri),

    id. Vatin. 5, 12; cf.

    exercitum (opp. dividere),

    Liv. 28, 2, 16:

    arida continent odorem diutius,

    Plin. 21, 7, 18, § 39.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    nec ulla res vehementius rem publicam continet quam fides,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

    Remos reliquosque Belgas in officio,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 11:

    in officio Dumnorigem,

    id. ib. 5, 7:

    te in exercitatione,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 19 fin.:

    te in tuis perenuibus studiis,

    id. Brut. 97, 332:

    ceteros in armis (plaga),

    Liv. 9, 41, 15:

    alicujus hospitio,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 5.—
    2.
    With the access. idea of hindering, preventing motion, to keep, keep still, detain, restrain, repress, enclose.
    a.
    Lit.: milites [p. 449] sub pellibus, Caes. B. G. 3, 29; cf.:

    pecudem sub tecto,

    Col. 7, 10, 3:

    exercitum castris,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 11; Liv. 31, 26, 6; 28, 9, 14 al.; cf.:

    nostros in castris (tempestates),

    Caes. B. G. 4, 34; 6, 36; and:

    copias in castris,

    id. B. C. 1, 66; 3, 30; Auct. B. Afr. 1; 7; Liv. 36, 17, 9:

    Pompeium quam angustissime,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 45:

    aliquem limine,

    Liv. 34, 1, 5:

    ora frenis,

    Phaedr. 3, 6, 7:

    ventos carcere,

    Ov. M. 11, 432:

    animam in dicendo,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261 et saep.:

    se ruri,

    to stay, remain, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 17; cf.:

    se domi,

    Suet. Caes. 81:

    suo se loco,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 34:

    oppido sese,

    id. ib. 2, 30:

    castris se continere,

    id. B. C. 3, 37:

    se vallo,

    id. B. G. 5, 44:

    se finibus Romanis,

    Liv. 39, 17, 4; 34, 58, 3:

    moenibus sese,

    id. 42, 7, 4:

    agrorum suorum terminis se,

    id. 38, 40, 2:

    se moenibus,

    Ov. M. 13, 208:

    sese intra silvas,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 18:

    suos intra munitionem,

    id. ib. 5, 57;

    5, 58: milites intra castrorum vallum,

    id. B. C. 3, 76; Liv. 31, 34, 9;

    Auct. B. Afr. 24: intra castra militem,

    Tac. H. 4, 19:

    praesidibus provinciarum propagavit imperium, ut a peritis et assuetis socii continerentur,

    Suet. Aug. 23 et saep.:

    an te auspicium commoratum est? an tempestas continet?

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 67.—
    b.
    Trop., to hold back, detain, repress, hold in check, curb, check, stay, stop, tame, subdue, etc. (syn. cohibeo):

    adpetitiones animi,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 22:

    omnis cupiditates,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32:

    modeste insolentiam suam,

    id. Agr. 1, 6, 18:

    risum,

    id. Fin. 4, 25, 71 et saep.:

    formido mortales omnes,

    Lucr. 1, 151:

    Etruriam non tam armis quam judiciorum terrore,

    Liv. 29, 36, 10:

    oppida magis metu quam fide,

    id. 30, 20, 5; cf.:

    quosdam continet metus,

    Quint. 1, 3, 6:

    solo metu,

    id. 12, 7, 2 et saep.:

    animum a consuetā libidine,

    Sall. J. 15, 3:

    temeritatem ab omni lapsu (with cohibere),

    Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 45:

    suos a proelio,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

    manum juventus Metu deorum,

    Hor. C. 1, 35, 37 al.:

    se ab adsentiendo,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 104; so,

    se ab exemplis,

    id. Fin. 2, 19, 62:

    temperans, qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit,

    id. Par. 3, 1, 21:

    se male continet amens,

    Ov. M. 4, 351:

    male me, quin vera faterer, Continui,

    id. ib. 7, 729:

    nequeo continere quin loquar,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 28.—

    Mid.: contineri, quin complectar, non queo,

    restrain myself, refrain, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 128; cf.:

    vix me contineo, quin, etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 20:

    jam nequeo contineri,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf.:

    vix contineor,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 9:

    quae vera audivi, taceo et contineo optime,

    keep it to myself, conceal it, id. Eun. 1, 2, 23:

    ea quae continet, neque adhuc protulit, explicet nobis,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 47, 206:

    dicta,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 222.—
    3.
    With the access. idea of containing, to comprise, contain, involve, comprehend something in itself (syn. complector):

    (aqua gelum) quod continet in se, mittit,

    Lucr. 6, 877; cf.:

    ut omnia, quae aluntur et crescunt, contineant in se vim caloris,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23; so,

    in se,

    Quint. 1, 6, 31; 2, 10, 2:

    Quattuor aeternus genitalia corpora mundus Continet,

    Ov. M. 15, 240:

    rem militarem,

    Liv. 5, 52, 16:

    panis innumeras paene continet medicinas,

    Plin. 22, 25, 68, § 138:

    (linea) centum continet (pedes),

    Quint. 1, 10, 44:

    Idus Martiae magnum mendum continent,

    Cic. Att. 14, 22, 2:

    paucas species (vox),

    Quint. 11, 3, 18:

    tales res, quales hic liber continet,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 1:

    narrationes, quae summam criminis contineant,

    Quint. 4, 2, 10:

    fabula stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

    liber primus ea continebit, quae, etc., Quint. prooem. § 21: tertia epistula continebat, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 28, 5.—With subj.-clause:

    quando ipsos loqui deceat, quartus liber continet,

    Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Esp. freq.,
    b.
    In pass.: contineri aliquā re, to be contained in something, be composed of, consist of or in, to rest upon, to be supported by, etc.:

    terreno corpore,

    Lucr. 1, 1085:

    non venis et nervis et ossibus continentur (dii),

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

    artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis penitusque perspectis... rebus contineretur,

    id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

    forma honestatis, quae tota quattuor his virtutibus... continetur,

    id. Fin. 2, 15, 48:

    versus paucis (pedibus) continetur,

    Quint. 9, 4, 60: quae philosophorum libris continentur, id. prooem. § 11; cf. id. 5, 10, 111 et saep.: artes, quae conjecturā continentur et sunt opinabiles, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

    foedere,

    Liv. 41, 23, 9:

    actu,

    Quint. 2, 18, 5; 12, 9, 1; 3, 7, 28.—Rarely with in and abl.:

    forum, in quo omnis aequitas continetur,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2; cf.:

    quibus (legibus) in singulis civitatibus res publica continetur,

    id. Off. 3, 5, 23.—
    II.
    Neutr., to hold together in itself, to hang together (in the verb. finit. very rare; but freq. as P. a.; cf. also the deriv. continuus):

    per hortum utroque commeatus continet,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 43.—Hence,
    1.
    contĭnens, entis, P. a.
    A.
    (Acc. to II.) Holding or hanging together (freq. and class.).
    1.
    Bordering upon, neighboring, contiguous, lying near, adjacent (syn.: junctus, adjunctus, contiguus); constr. with dat., cum, or absol.
    a.
    Prop.:

    aër mari,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 117:

    continentia atque adjuncta praedia huic fundo,

    id. Caecin. 4, 11:

    (mare) dissimile est proximo ei continenti,

    id. Ac. 2, 33, 105 al.:

    Cappadociae pars ea, quae cum Cilicià continens est,

    id. Fam. 15, 2, 2:

    (Morini) continentes silvas ac paludes habebant,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28; cf. so absol.:

    parum locuples continente ripā,

    Hor. C. 2, 18, 22; cf.:

    pars eorum, qui propiores erant continenti litori,

    Liv. 44, 28, 12.— Subst.: contĭnentĭa, ĭum, n. (sc. loca), adjoining places, the neighborhood:

    Cherronesum et continentia usque Atho montem,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 215 al.:

    urbis,

    the suburbs, Dig. 50, 16, 147.—
    b.
    Trop., in time, following, next:

    continentibus diebus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 84;

    and of other abstract things: motus sensui junctus et continens,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 11, 26:

    timori perpetuo ipsum malum continens fuit,

    followed at its heels, Liv. 5, 39, 8.—
    2.
    Holding together, cohering in itself, connected, continuous, uninterrupted.
    a.
    Prop.:

    continens agmen migrantium,

    Liv. 1, 29, 4:

    agmen,

    id. 2, 50, 7; 8, 8, 13 al.:

    ruinae,

    id. 21, 8, 5; terra, the mainland, continent, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.; Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 274, 6; Nep. Them. 3, 2; and in the same sense far more freq. subst.: contĭnens, entis, f. (rarely masc., Curt. 4, 2, 1 Zumpt, dub.; abl. in e and i equally used;

    v. the 4th and 5th books of Caes. B. G.),

    Caes. B. G. 4, 27; 4, 28; 4, 31; 4, 36 bis et saep.; Nep. Milt. 7, 3; Liv. 35, 43, 4; Plin. 5, 31, 34, § 128; Suet Aug. 65; id. Tib. 40 et saep.—
    b.
    Trop., in time, continual, consecutive, uninterrupted:

    labor omnium dierum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 63; Liv. 42, 54, 3:

    bella,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    imperium usque ad nos,

    Liv. 7, 30, 8:

    imber per noctem totam,

    id. 23, 44, 6:

    biduo,

    Suet. Calig. 19:

    febres sine intermissione,

    Cels. 3, 5 fin.:

    e continenti genere,

    in continuous descent, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61:

    spiritus,

    id. de Or. 3, 57, 216 et saep.: ex continenti (sc. tempore), instantly, immediately, = continuo, statim, Just. 1, 9; so,

    in continenti,

    Dig. 44, 5, 1.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B. 2. b.) That restrains his passions, continent, moderate, temperate, enkratês (rare, but in good prose):

    continentior in vitā hominum quam in pecuniā,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 23:

    cum reges tam sint continentes, multo magis consularis esse oportere,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 19, 1:

    puer,

    id. Att. 6, 6, 3:

    Epaminondas,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 2 al. — Sup., Cic. Par. 1, 1, 7; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    C.
    (Acc. to I. B. 3.) In rhet., subst.: contĭnens, entis, n., that on which something rests or depends, the chief point, hinge:

    causae,

    Cic. Part. Or. 29, 103; id. Top. 25, 95:

    intuendum videtur, quid sit quaestio, ratio, judicatio, continens, vel ut alii vocant, firmamentum,

    Quint. 3, 11, 1; cf. id. ib. § 18 sqq.— Adv.: contĭnen-ter.
    1.
    (Acc. to A. 2.)
    a.
    In space, in unbroken succession, in a row. continenter sedetis, Cat. 37, 6.—More freq. and class.,
    b.
    In time, continuously, without interruption:

    totā nocte ierunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

    jam amplius horis sex pugnaretur,

    id. ib. 3, 5:

    biduum lapidibus pluit,

    Liv. 25, 7, 7:

    usque ad ipsum negotium,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 37:

    ferri imagines,

    id. N. D. 1, 39, 109.—
    2.
    (Acc. to B.) Temperately, moderately (rare):

    vivere,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 106; in sup.:

    vivere,

    Aug. Ep. 199; id. Conf. 6, 12.—Hence also,
    2.
    contentus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 2. b.); medial., satisfying one's self with, contented, satisfied, content (freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. in gen. with the abl.; more rarely absol.; after the Aug. per. very freq. with the inf.
    (α).
    With abl.: his versibus, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 264, 3:

    suis rebus,

    Cic. Par. 6, 3, 51:

    paucis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 16:

    illā (sorte),

    id. ib. 1, 1, 3:

    viverem uti contentus eo quod mī ipse parasset,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 108; cf. Suet. Aug. 82:

    solā Dianā,

    Verg. A. 11, 582.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    cum ipsum audires sine comparatione, non modo contentus esses, sed melius non quaereres,

    Cic. Brut. 35, 134; so comp., Plaut. Poen. 2, 15.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    indagare,

    Ov. M. 1, 461:

    edidicisse,

    id. ib. 2, 638:

    retinere titulum provinciae,

    Vell. 2, 49:

    hostes sustinuisse,

    id. 2, 112:

    indicare,

    Quint. 4, 2, 128:

    ostendere,

    id. 5, 10, 31:

    id consequi, quod imiteris,

    id. 10, 2, 7 et saep.— Adv.: contentē (ante-and post-class., and rare), in a restrained manner, closely:

    arte contenteque habere aliquem,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63:

    parce contenteque vivere,

    Pacat. Pan. Theod. 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contineo

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